Which of the following vitamins is most associated with vision health through carotenoids?

Vitamin A is most associated with vision health due to its role in the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment found in the retina that is crucial for low-light and color vision. It is derived from carotenoids, particularly beta-carotene, which are plant pigments that the body can convert into retinol, the active form of Vitamin A. This vitamin supports the maintenance of normal vision, specifically in adapting to changes in light.

Carotenoids are important antioxidants that help protect the eyes from damage by harmful light and oxidative stress, reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. Thus, Vitamin A and its carotenoid precursors are directly tied to the physiological processes that maintain vision health.